iasGknotes

The Left Wing Extremism, inspired by the ideology of change through violence, began with the peasant uprising in March 1967 in three areas (Naxalbari, Khoribari, Phansidewa) of Darjeeling district in West Bengal against the misrule of the landlords and the prevailing socio-economic structure.

LWE organizations are groups that believe they can bring about change through violence.They are against democracy and democratic institutions and To eliminate democratic processes at the grassroots level resort to violence.These groups create hurdles in the developmental works in the less developed areas of the country and try to mislead the people.

In this violent struggle, which started as a peasant rebellion, as a result of dissatisfaction arising from landlords, money lenders and corrupt governance, a large number of landless farmers joined it and adopted the guerrilla method. This struggle, which was not against the degenerate system involved in exploitation and corruption, took the form of a widespread violent mass struggle over time. to its origin in the Naxalwadi region, it has spread in the form of Naxalism from Bengal to about 106 districts in 10 states. Its spread to form a Naxalite 'Red Corridor'. This Left Wing Extremism affected area is also called 'Compact Revolutionary Zone'.

These states include- Bihar, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Odisha, Telangana, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh. About 35 of their districts have been considered highly affected by it.Cooperation from outside countries and administrative insensitivity have made it a big problem Recently Maoists have invaded such new areas. Efforts have been intensified to bring the Maoists under their influence where they do not have a presence, such as Uttarakhand,according to Naxalites in some areas of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka.Has happened. This zone is located in Balaghat of Madhya Pradesh, Rajnandgaon of Chhattisgarh And is being built in Gondia, Maharashtra.

However, it is noteworthy is that due to the multipurpose measures initiated by the government in the past There has been a decline in Left Wing Extremist violence over the years. Significantly that Maoist affected districts were identified in the year 2006 And they were classified on the basis of violence profile.




due to left wing extremism

There are many socio-economic reasons for such discontent. It is believed that inclusive development has not taken place in India.Majority of the people are deprived of the benefits of development. The Government schemes which are run to end the unemployment of the public,either they are not implemented properly or there is a lot of delaying them. Lack of proper understanding of the problems of poverty,hunger and unplanned and uncontrolled developmental activities have fuel mistrust towards the government which has led to Naxalite violence.played a role in the escalation of violent conflict.The failure of land reform policies and land-related factors have contributed to the exploitation of rural people and promoting discontent among them. Such as lack of entitlement on land by the landless, existence of special land tenure unauthorized occupation of land by other classes and violation of land transfer rules mentioned inthe 5th schedule etc..

In the process of development, many new developmental programs, such as electricity, irrigation and mining projects, led to large-scale displacement of tribes, due to which they were deprived of traditional forest land and forest-based employment.The developmental works led to disruption of traditional occupations of the tribal people and deprived them of traditional rights in common property resources.

The Forest Act passed in 1980 increased the discontent in the forest areas. In this,even after the 2008 amendment, dissatisfaction remained about it.Mining operations in these resource-rich areas have led to a divide between tribes and non-tribes, and there has been no reduction in poverty. The poor compliance of the compensation and employment conditions by the mining companies is also a major reason for the dissatisfaction.Corruption in essential services such as health, education, food etc.shows the inefficiency of the government. Misuse of police power and only food supply work done by local institutions are also helpful in increasing dissatisfaction.Acquisition of land for 'public purpose' without a proper rehabilitation policy also gave rise to displacement, which has been helpful in increasing discontent here.

Although there has been a decline in LWE related violence over the years, sustained efforts are required to eliminate such groups completely. States play an important role in maintaining law and order, therefore the emphasis should be on capacity building and modernization of local police forces. Local police forces can be formed efficiently and effectively.be helpful in eliminating LWE organizations States should make surrender policy more rational so that innocent persons caught in the clutches of LWE can be brought into the mainstream. Efforts are made to bring Naxalites and Maoists back into the mainstream through surrender policy. Under this,the state provides incentives or employment or both to terrorists, Naxalites and Maoists for surrender. However, the surrender policy of different states is different.States need to adopt a time bound approach to completely eliminate LWE clusters and ensure all round development of the affected areas.