International Relationships
The subject matter of international relations can be expressed as follows:
1. The main characters of international relations are the main characters of international relations, and under this the external behavior of the states is studied. The inter-state relations are very complex and influenced by a variety of factors, such as geopolitical, historical, religious,ideological, strategic. Each country has its own geographical importance and accordingly it has to maintain relations with other neighboring states. For example, India's neighboring countries are Pakistan, Russia, Afghanistan, China, Bhutan, Nepal, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Sri Lanka and that is why India has special importance from the strategic point of view. On the other hand, all these countries have special importance for India. That is to say that international relations lays emphasis on the study of inter-state relations.
2. International Relations lays emphasis on the study of power – In international relations, as much emphasis has been laid on power, perhaps no other subject has been given as much. Morgenthau has written – “International relations are like every relationship a struggle for power. What ever may be the ultimate goal of international relations, power is always the immediate goal.” In fact,in the international world, all the states are striving to earn power and it is the attitude of power that plays the most decisive role in the formulation of their foreign policy.
3. Study of International Political Institutions and Organizations In the modernera, the relations of the states are becoming multilateral rather than bilateral and the role of international organizations is considered important in the operation of multilateral relations of the states. Various international organizations are considered as important forums for mutual cooperation between states. International organizations are formed only to increase economic, military,technical and cultural cooperation between states. The establishment of the United Nations has made a major contribution in increasing the importance of international organizations. Today the United Nations is not the only international organization, but now many types of regional organizations have been established. All these institutions play an important role in international relations.Economic European Common Market, World Bank, Colombo Plan, WTO(WTO), etc.Soldiers NATO, SETO, Versailles Pact, CENTO, etc.Political - League of Nations, United Nations (U.NO.), etc.Territorial-Arab League, Organization of American States, Organization of African Unity, SAARC, Asiaaskan, etc.Cultural and other UNESCO, International Labor Organization (IL.O.), World Health Organization (W.H.O.), etc.
4. The emphasis on the study of the activities of war and peace, the subject of international relations is related to the questions of war and peace. It is natural for different nations to sometimes go to war to settle serious mutual issues. We all know that now there are wars between nations without even firing guns. Through economic sanctions nations can fight economic wars against each other. The 'Cold War' has undoubtedly added a new dimension to the tradition of war. The Cold War was a type of war of nerves.International relations mostly revolve around the questions of war and peace.
5. Study of the process of foreign policy making Felix Gross is of the opinion that the study of international relations is actually the study of foreign policies.International relations is a process through which different nations try to protect their interests.Because this process apparently works only through the foreign policy of the states. Therefore,the study of foreign policy meets to some extent the demand for the study of international relations.In the past, emphasis was given on the study of the subject matter of foreign policy, but due tothe emphasis on analytical method in the present, more emphasis is being given on the study of foreign policy making process. For example, Indian foreign policy cannot be understood unless the historical experiences of India and the intricacies of the governance system are understood. India's foreign policy is not only made by the Prime Minister and the Foreign Minister, but it is the result of a long process. In which the Ministry of External Affairs, various diplomats,parliament, newspapers, political parties, universities and researchers have an important role.
6. Emphasis on the study of international law or law International law or law is of great importance in conducting the mutual relations of independent states. Just as a person cannot live in a society without rules, laws and customs,similarly no state can make its various types of relations with other states without international rules. International relations is the subject of emphasis on the study of international law.
7. Study of foreign trade and international economic organizations Economic interests of states influence political activities. Foreign trade deepens the political relations of the states. Various international rules govern foreign business. Economic assistance given by developed countries to developing countries, trade and payment agreements, use of cartels, etc. to the student of international relations subject of interest.5. Study of military organizations and political groups - After the Second World War 'Communist faction', 'Free society', 'Non-aligned state', 'Arab community', 'African countries' like Jo-8, G-15 Many political factions have come into existence.
These political groups work together on many matters on or outside the United Nations platform. The study of the elements connecting these groups, their differences and disputes comes under the subject matter of international relations.When these political communities enter into military treaties between their members,they assume the form of military factions. NATO, SITO, Vasay Pact, Santo, etc. are some such military groups. The purpose of international relations is to study the factors that resulted in the formation of military groups, how military groups affect the balance of power in the world.and how these groups are related to the problem of world peace. e.t.c. In this way, a wide variety of subjects are included in the scope of study of international relations. Which is very important for the information of the world community.
