North-South dialogue
What is North-South dialogue?
There were two types of efforts to realize the concept of 'New International Economy' - one is to establish a dialogue between rich and poor countries, this dialogue is called 'North South Dialogue' and the other is mutual cooperation between poor developing countries. Establishing what was called the 'South-South Dialogue'.north-south dialogue According to geographers, our earth is divided into two hemispheres - the northern hemisphere and the southern hemisphere. The Northern Hemisphere mostly covers the area of North America and Europe.And in the southern hemisphere comes the region of Latin America and Africa. The northern hemisphere has more advanced, prosperous developed and industrialized countries while the southern hemisphere has more poor, backward, developing and exploited countries. Later, when the term 'North'and 'South' dialogue became prevalent in the vocabulary of international politics, it had clear meanings. 'North' meant the Western developed countries whose economy is based on capitalist ideology, which have made multifaceted progress in technical and industrial sector, where the rate of savings and capital formation is very high and where there is political and financial stability.
USA, Canada, England, France, Germany etc. are considered to be the countries of'North'. In contrast, the 'South' consists mostly of countries that are called 'developing' third world countries. The characteristics of these countries are - lack of capital, population explosion,poverty, unemployment, economy based on agriculture, lack of technical knowledge and conservatism.'Dialogue' means 'interaction with each other'.Pressure for should be based on justice and democratic ideals. The United Nations General Assembly inits special North-South Dialogue In the early 1970 s, developing countries began to insist that economic relations in May 1974 passed the Declaration and the Draft Program for the 'New International Economy'. Since then, through various forums, such as UNCTAD Conference, Non-Aligned Summit, etc., the developing countries of the South started demanding radical changes in the structure of the world economy.The developed industrial countries of the north also recognized the wind direction,realizing that it would not be wise to ignore the demands justified by the developing countries. Due to the continuous deterioration in the economic condition of developing countries,in the long run, in any case, developed countries will also have a bad effect. It is there fore of utmost importance for equitable development of international economic relations and ultimately world peace that these proposed issues are resolved satisfactorily through extensive international consultations between rich and poor countries. Leading economic thinkers such as the United Nations General Assembly, UNCTAD, non-aligned summits, the famous Brandt Commission (chaired by West German Chancellor Willy Brandt, attended by West European politicians such as Olof Palme and Edworth Heath) and Nobel laureate Jan Tinbergen. Recommended over the years that early and comprehensive discussions between rich and poor countries (countries of the north-south) should be held or that discussions should be held at the international level about creating a 'new international economy'.
The International Monetary Fund, in its 1985 report, also called for the industrialization of the industrialized nations to stop the rise of protectionism and to remove the existing trade barriers so that the market of developing countries could develop. The Monetary Fund warned that foreign trade policy is the area in which international cooperation is most at risk. It is the special responsibility of the industrialized nations to try to liberalize the balance of trade.Some Efforts of North-South Dialogue From the point of view of North-South dialogue, the following efforts are noteworthy:1. Paris Conference 1975-773. Cancun Conference, 1981 4. Uruguay Dialogue, 1986-935. Earth Summit, June 19926. International Human Rights Convention Some Obstacles- The North-South dialogue did not yield such results in which the new international economy is established and the pace of development of developing countries is accelerated.
There are many obstacles in the way of talks or amicable settlement between rich and poor countries. The first obstacle is that the leaders of the rich countries do not want to accept the fact that even in the present system of interdependence, they are dependent on the help of developing countries and they have been able to prosper only by exploiting the developing countries for centuries. Secondly, there is still a feeling in the minds of the leaders of the rich countries that they can continue to exploit the developing countries with the help of mutual concessions aid and trade policy by trickery. Third,developing countries are not united. Conflict and rivalry are found between them, which allows pro-Western GATT directors such as Arthur Dunkley to impose their conditions.Japan is striving to raise the voice of developing countries. This is the reason that in the Group-7 Summit to be held in Tokyo in July 1993, the Prime Minister of Japan, Miyazawa,as the President of the Group Seven countries, presented an agenda to the President of Indonesia,Suharto (who was the President of the Non-Aligned Movement) before the summit. Invited Tokyo for consultation on the subject.Attempts at North-South dialogue are considered fruitless and there is no hope of implementation of the proposals for a new international economy. After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, all the countries have been encouraged and they are determined to impose their conditions on the developing countries.The GATT agreement is the latest example.
