Left Wing Extremism
Driven by the ideology of change by violence, Left Wing Extremism began in March 1967 in three areas (Naxalbari, Khoribari, Phansidewa)of Darjeeling district in West Bengal against zamindars and peasant revolt against misrule in the prevailing socio-economic structure. Originally starting as a peasant revolt, in this movement, due to the dissatisfaction arising out of the landlords, money lenders and corrupt governance system, it involved the landless farmers on a large scale and the guerrilla method was adopted.These left-wing extremist elements greatly influenced the political scenario of the country between 1967 and 1972 by forming organizations like 'CPI (M)', 'DakshinDesh', 'AICCCR (All India Coordination Committee of Communist Revolutionaries), CPI(ML)' etc. did.
However, the government efforts to improve the condition of the peasants and suppress the revolt weakened the base of this movement and it was almost controlled.This movement again gained momentum in the1990s, as the economic policies of globalization, liberalization and privatization implemented in1991 for development led to unbalanced economic development in which already existing exploiting classes, such as landlords, money lenders, corrupt administration classes Not only did they remain the same, but their prosperity increased further, at the same time this system also gave birth to new middle men and profiteers, which further increased the exploitation of the common people and tribals of the backward areas. This dissatisfaction and the huge difference in income helped the Naxalites to induct new members. Apart from this, under the 'New Mining and IndustryPolicy' brought with these economic policies, the provisions of the '5th Schedule' applicable to the scheduled areas.
In the name of industrialization and mineral extraction in mineral-rich states, forest lands of tribals and other backward classes were acquired by ignoring them, due to which they had to suffer forcibly displacement and they were deprived of forest and agriculture based jobs. The development efforts made for them were also insufficient. These works helped in connecting the common people here with the Naxalites.Simultaneously, whatever benefits the Panchayati Raj system brought to the local level, it was also confined to the powerful and power-rich classes.It is believed that due to this the landless farmers were cut off from the main stream and joined the Naxalites.Above all, in September 2004, three major Naxalite groups, Maoist Communist Centre, People's War Group and CPI (ML) working in different parts of the country, established a new unified organization'CPI (Maoist)' by coordinating with each other. presented a great internal challenge to the At the same time, it was described by the government as the biggest challenge before the internal security of the country.
In course of time, this movement started from the rebellious ideology generated in protest against the degenerate system indulging in exploitation and corruption and developed into a mass movement and 'Naxalism', which became synonymous with terror, spread from Bengal to 106 districts of about 10 states and became a Naxalite. Made the 'Red Corridor'. This Left Wing Extremism affected area is also called 'Compact Revolutionary Zone'. These states include-Bihar, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra. Odisha,Telangana, West Bengal, Madhya Pradesh, UttarPradesh and Chhattisgarh. Their 35 districts have been considered as the most affected districts. Cooperation from outside countries and administrative insensitivity has made it a big problem.Recently, the Maoists have stepped up efforts to bring under their influence such new areas where they do not have a presence, such as Uttarakhand,
Tamil Nadu and some areas of Karnataka. According to an information, the Naxalites are busy in creating a new Naxalite zone in the forests of Maharashtra and Madhya Pradesh. This zone is being created in Balaghat in Madhya Pradesh, Rajnandgaon in Chhattisgarh and Gondia in Maharashtra. However, it is worth mentioning that the Left Wing Extremist violence has decreased significantly in the last years i.e. 2011,2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2017 due to the multi-faceted measures initiated by the government. Significantly, in the year 2006,Maoist-affected districts were identified and classified on the basis of violence profile.
