Cryogenic Engine
The word Cryo means extremely low temperature. Often temperatures below -150°C are said to be cryogenic.
Cryogenic propellant is used in cryogenic engines. Cryogenic propellant refers to liquid hydrogen (-253 °C) which is the main fuel and liquid oxygen (-183 °C) which is used as an oxidizer.
Due to the combustion of hydrogen, it generates high thrust, which increases the carrying capacity of the launch vehicle and the ability to cover long distances.
Through this heavy communication satellites can be placed in orbit and remote space exploration can also be done.
The cryogenic engine has a high degree of control. As a result the accuracy of the launch vehicle increases.challenges The main challenges associated with cryogenic engines relate to the extremely low temperatures and extremely high pressures. Storage of fuel and oxidizer at extremely low temperatures is a significant challenge, as it requires fuel tanks made of specific alloys. Fuel to the combustion chamber at extremely high pressure and low temperature the formation of powerful and specialized tubes to transport is also a challenge. Such a structure of the combustion chamber, which together Can tolerate low and very high temperatures. is an important challenge.
Then a safe mixture of fuel and oxidizer in the appropriate ratio, to reduce the possibility of explosion. There is another important challenge. India's cryogenic engine After the failure of the cryogenic technology agreement with Russia in 1992, India decided to develop an indigenous engine and in 1994 the Cryogenic Upper Stage Program was started at ISRO's Liquid Propellant Systems Center (LPSC) at Mahendragiri.
Successfully launched GSLV-DS in January 2014, using indigenous cryogenic engine CE-7.5. Along with this, the communication satellite GSAT-14 was also placed in orbit through this. With its successful launch, India became the sixth country after the US, Russia, Japan, China and France to have developed an indigenous cryogenic engine.
